Which of the following is an example of Knowledge of Performance feedback?

• A. Spin rate
• B. Launch angle
• C. Outcome score
• D. Verbal, Video, Kinematics

Answer: (D)

Knowledge of Performance feedback focuses on the movement itself—the mechanics of how the swing is executed and what to adjust in technique. Verbal cues, video analysis, and kinematic data (such as joint angles, swing path, and tempo) provide specific information about how the body and club moved, so a golfer can refine their technique, not just learn the end result.

Verbal guidance helps the learner alter mechanics in real time. Video lets the golfer see their swing and compare it to an ideal model, making mechanical errors visible. Kinematics gives objective motion data that pinpoints where the swing deviates, guiding precise technical changes.

Spin rate and launch angle describe the ball’s flight, offering information about the outcome rather than the movement itself, so they align more with knowledge of results. Outcome score is about the end result of a shot, not how the movement was performed.